![]() ![]() As of 2021, there are active areas of cosmology research to understand the fundamental nature of dark energy. Since the 1990s, dark energy has been the most accepted premise to account for the accelerated expansion. Without introducing a new form of energy, there was no way to explain how scientists could measure an accelerating universe. ![]() Measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) suggest the universe began in a hot Big Bang, from which general relativity explains its evolution and the subsequent large-scale motion. Before these observations, scientists thought that all forms of matter and energy in the universe would only cause the expansion to slow down over time. Understanding the universe's evolution requires knowledge of its starting conditions and composition. The first observational evidence for its existence came from measurements of supernovae, which showed that the universe does not expand at a constant rate rather, the universe's expansion is accelerating. In physical cosmology and astronomy, dark energy is an unknown form of energy that affects the universe on the largest scales.
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